Đặc điểm hội chứng Rubella bẩm sinh tại bệnh viện Nhi đồng 2 năm 2007

Objective: to describe the epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory features of children with Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS) admitted The Children’s Hospital 2 in 2007.Methods: prospective descriptive trial of children with CRS admitted The Children’s Hospital 2 from Jan.1st to Dec.31st- 2007.Results:There were 18 children with CRS admitted The Children’s Hospital 2 in 2007 among 65.076 inpatients (0,02766%). In those cases, 44,44% of them was probable case; 44,44% was confirmed case and 11,11% was Rubella infection only case. In all cases, their mothers weren’t used Rubella vaccine. Clinical signs and symptoms consist of congenital cataracts and/or glaucoma (61,11%); congenital heart disease (77,78%) in that Patent Ductus Arteriosus exist in all cases, Atrial Septal Defect exist in half cases, Ventricular Septal Defect or Mitral regurgitation exist in 14% of cases, Aortic or Pulmonary artetial stenosis exist in 7% of cases; pigmentary retinopathy (5.56%); purpura (5,56%); hepatosplenomegaly (55,56%); microcephaly (27,78%); radiolucent bone disease (5,56%). No case has hearing impairment or jaundice or meningoencephalitis or developmental delay in our study. Demonstration of Rubella-specific IgM and Rubella-specific IgG antibody exist in 55,56% and 66,67% of cases respectively. In our study, 11,11% of cases was dead, 11,11% of cases would be dead, 50% and 27,78% of cases has become temporarily and permanently healthy respectively.Conclusions: CRS take in very low percentage of patients with congenital defects admitted The Children‘s Hospital 2 in 2007 (0,02766% versus 4,33%), but it causes severe consequences for acquired children and their families. Mortality is high (22,22%).Their mothers weren’t used Rubella vaccine. Signs and symptoms are multiform, but there has had just half of all cases which were demonstrated of Rubella-specific IgM antibody at first time.

Rubella là bệnh gây ra do một loại Togavirus thuộc chủng Rubivirus và đặc trưng của bệnh là ban dát sẩn nhẹ ngoài da. Tuy nhiên khi bị nhiễm Rubella trong thời gian mang thai, đặc biệt trong 3 tháng đầu thai kỳ, nguy cơ nhiễm trùng bào thai có thể từ 85% đến 90% (6,9). Hậu quả của nhiễm Rubella bẩm sinh là sẩy thai, sinh non, thai lưu và gây ra hàng loạt các dị tật bẩm sinh trầm trọng cho bào thai gọi là hội chứng Rubella bẩm sinh (HCRBS). Những dị tật bẩm sinh thường gặp nhất là đục thủy tinh thể, tật tim bẩm sinh, khiếm thính và chậm phát triển tâm thần (1,5,6,8,9).